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Objective:To investigate the value of the extrahepatic bile duct and main pancreatic duct segment patterns on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for differentiating the periampullary carcinoma (PAC).Methods:The clinicopathologic data of 125 patients with PAC who were admitted to Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital from June 2013 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 72 males and 53 females, aged (64.9±8.6) years. According to its anatomy, the extrahepatic bile duct (B) was divided into suprapancreatic and intrapancreatic (including ampullary) segments, and the main pancreatic duct (P) was divided into tail-body and head segments. MRCP patterns: i. the extrahepatic bile duct or main pancreatic duct visible without dilatation, ii. cutoff of the distal extrahepatic bile duct or main pancreatic duct with upstream dilatation, iii. cutoff of the intrapancreatic or head segment with upstream dilatation and remnant intrapancreatic or head segments invisible, iv. cutoff of the intrapancreatic or head segment with upstream dilatation and nondilated remnant intrapancreatic or head segments, were represented as 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Segment patterns of B1/P0+ B1/P1, B0/P2+ B0/P3+ B2/P2+ B2/P3+ B3/P3, B3/P0, and B0/P0+ B2/P0 on MRCP were compared in PAC patients.Results:Of the 125 patients, there were 57 (45.6%) with pancreatic head carcinoma, 36 (28.8%) with ampullary carcinoma, 20 (16.0%) with distal cholangiocarcinoma, and 12 (9.6%) with periampullary duodenal carcinoma. Segment patterns of B0/P2+ B0/P3+ B2/P2+ B2/P3+ B3/P3 were found in 52 patients with pancreatic head carcinoma (91.2%, 52/57), with a significant difference between PAC (χ 2=110.66, P<0.001). Segment patterns of B1/P0+ B1/P1were found in 36 patients with ampullary carcinoma (100.0%, 36/36), fallowed by 11 (91.7%, 11/12) with periampullary duodenal carcinoma, with a significant difference between PAC (χ 2=129.95, P<0.001). Segment pattern of B3/P0 presented in 16 patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma (80.0%, 16/20), with a significant difference between PAC (χ 2=62.45, P<0.001). The segment patterns of B0/P0+ B2/P0 were only seen in 3 of 57(5.3%) patients with pancreatic head carcinoma. Conclusion:On MRCP, cutoff of the head segment with upstream dilatation and remnant head segment invisible or nondilated indicates the pancreatic head carcinoma. Cutoff of the intrapancreatic segment with upstream dilatation, remnant intrapancreatic segment visible, and main pancreatic duct nondilated, indicates the distal cholangiocarcinoma. And cutoff of the distal extrahepatic segment with upstream dilatation and main pancreatic duct dilatation or not, indicates the ampullary or periampullary duodenal carcinoma.
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Objective:To investigate the risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) and the application value of its risk scoring model.Methods:The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 149 patients with HCC who were admitted to two medical centers, including 97 cases in the Jiangnan University Medical Center and 52 cases in the Affiliated Xingtai People′s Hospital of Hebei Medical University, from January 2017 to April 2020 were collected. There were 116 males and 33 females, aged (58±12)years. There were 74 cases with VETC and 75 cases without VETC. Observation indica-tors: (1) clinical characteristics of patients with and without VETC; (2) imaging features of patients with and without VETC; (3) multivariable analysis of HCC patients with VETC; (4) construction of VETC related risk scoring model and its performance evaluation; (5) postoperative early tumor recurrence of patients with and without VETC who were confirmed by risk scoring model and histopathological examination. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Count data were described as absolutes, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test and continuous correction chi-square test. Variables of clinical and imaging characteristics with statistically signifi-cant were included in the multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic regression model of backward stepwise selection. VETC related risk scoring model was constructed based on the results of Logistic regression model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the area under curve (AUC), the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and their 95% confidence interval ( CI) were calculated. The maximizing Youden index was the optimal cutoff value for VETC prediction. The Hosmer Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used to assess the consistency between VETC risk scoring model predicted VTEC status and the true VETC status. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates and draw survival curves. The Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of patients with and without VETC. Cases with postoperative albumin <36 g/L were 57 in patients with VETC, versus 68 in patients without VETC, respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=5.13, P<0.05). (2) Imaging features of patients with and without VETC. Cases with lesion imaging presence as nonperipheral washout, cases with lesion imaging presence as mosaic architecture, cases with lesion imaging presence as intratumoral hemorrhage, cases with lesion imaging presence as corona enhancement, cases with lesion imaging presence as non-smooth tumor margin, cases with lesion imaging presence as peritumoral enhancement in arterial phase, cases with lesion imaging presence as intratumoral arteries, cases with lesion imaging presence as peritumoral hypointensity in hepatobiliary phase, cases with lesion imaging enhancement type as uniform low enhancement, uniform high enhance-ment, heterogeneous enhancement with septations and heterogeneous enhancement with irregular ring-like structures, cases with intratumoral necrosis or ischemic, cases with tumor diameter >5 cm were 73, 35, 33, 15, 39, 28, 42, 27, 4, 5, 27, 38, 45, 46 in patients with VETC, versus 64, 16, 13, 3, 19, 15, 9, 13, 9, 35, 5, 26, 10, 10 in patients without VETC, respectively, showing significant differences in the above indicators between them ( χ2=8.92, 11.15, 12.97, 9.28, 11.74, 5.77, 33.14, 6.96, 41.79, 36.05, 37.86, P<0.05). (3) Multivariable analysis of patients with VETC. Results of multivariable analysis showed that lesion imaging enhancement as heterogeneous enhancement with septations, lesion imaging enhancement as heterogeneous enhancement with irregular ring-like structures, intratumoral necrosis or ischemia and tumor diameter >5 cm were independent risk factors influen-cing patients with VETC ( odds ratio=4.18, 7.62, 4.23, 4.08, 95% CI as 1.60?11.60, 2.00?31.70, 1.71?10.90, 1.60?10.80), P<0.05). (4) Construction of VETC related risk scoring model and its performance evaluation. The VETC related risk scoring model was constructed as (heterogeneous enhancement with septations, presence: 1.0, absence: 0)+(heterogeneous enhancement with irregular ring-like structures, presence: 1.5, absence: 0)+(intratumoral necrosis or ischemia, presence: 1.0, absence: 0)+(main tumor diameter >5 cm, presence: 1.0, absence: 0). The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of VETC related risk scoring model were 0.86 (95% CI as 0.80?0.92), 79.7% (95% CI as 69.2%?87.3%), 80.0% (95% CI as 69.6%?87.5%) and 79.9% (95% CI as 72.7%?85.5%), respectively. Results of Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed a good consistency between VETC risk scoring model predicted VETC status and true VETC status ( P>0.05). (5) Postoperative early tumor recurrence of patients with and without VETC who were confirmed by risk scoring model and histopathological examination. All 149 patients were followed up for 29(range, 26?35)months. The time to tumor recurrence and 2-year cumulative tumor recurrence rate of 149 patients were 29(range, 24?33)months and 43.0%, respectively. The 2-year tumor cumulative recurrence rate of patients with and without VETC predicted by risk scoring model was 47.8% and 37.9%, respectively, showing a significant difference between ( χ2=3.90, P<0.05). The 2-year cumulative tumor recurrence rate of patients with and without VETC confirmed by postoperative histopathological examination was 47.4% and 38.1%, respectively, showing a significant difference between ( χ2=4.20, P<0.05). Conclusions:Lesion imaging enhancement as heterogeneous enhancement with septations or irregular ring-like structures, intratumoral necrosis or ischemia and tumor diameter >5 cm are independent risk factors influen-cing HCC patients with VETC. The proposed risk scoring model based on those three risk factors achieves an optimal preoperative diagnostic performance.
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Objective:To investigate the value of machine learning-based computed tomography (CT) images radiomics analysis in preoperative evaluation of surgical portal vein-superior mesenteric vein (PV-SMV) invasion in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Methods:The retrospective study was conducted with 156 consecutive PDAC patients who were underwent surgery at the Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2010 and July 2021. There were 95 males and 61 females, with the age of (65.7±8.2) years. Patients were randomly split into training set and validation set by a ratio of 3∶2. Minimum redundancy maximum relevance was used to select radiomic features, which were extracted from contrast-enhanced CT images. Five machine learning classifiers were developed, and those models' area under the curve (AUC) values were compared with the conventional radiologic-feature-based evaluation.Results:Ninety-four and 52 patients were included into the training set and validation set, respectively. Their PV-SMV invasion rates were confirmed by intraoperative exploration with 31.9%(30/94) and 40.3%(25/61), respectively. Five models: LASSO regression, random forest, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor and Naive Bayesian, were established based on ten features from CT images radiomics, and LASSO regression model achieved the highest AUC value compared with the other four models (all P<0.05). Compared with the conventional radiologic evaluation, the LASSO regression model had higher AUC (0.920 vs. 0.752) and sensitivity (92.0% vs. 86.5%)(both P<0.05). Conclusion:Machine learning-based CT images radiomics analysis can be used to evaluate PV-SMV invasion status preoperatively in PDAC. The LASSO regression model showed better performance than the conventional radiologic evaluation.
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Objective:To compare the differences in population distribution and prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in T staging of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) 7th edition and UICC 8th edition, and to analyze the prognostic factors in patients with NPC.Methods:The clinicopathologic date of 184 patients with newly diagnosed NPC treated with IMRT at the Department of Radiation Oncology of Weifang People′s Hospital of Shandong Province from June 1, 2005 to December 31, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were restaged according to the 7th and 8th edition of the UICC staging system. The distribution of T staging of patients in the two staging systems was analyzed, and the consistency of the two staging systems was compared using the Kappa consistency test. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and log-rank test was used to compare the prognostic differences among T stages. Cox regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with NPC.Results:Of all 184 patients with NPC, stage T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4 respectively accounted for 18.5% (34/184), 16.8% (31/184), 15.2% (28/184) and 49.5% (91/184) according to the 7th edition UICC staging system. However, stage T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4 respectively accounted for 18.5% (34/184), 34.2% (63/184), 30.4% (56/184) and 16.8% (31/184) according to the 8th edition UICC staging system. The T staging population distribution of the two staging systems showed moderate consistency (Kappa=0.58). There was a statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) among patients with stage T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 according to the 7th edition UICC staging system ( χ2=10.606, P=0.014). There were statistically significant differences in OS between stage T 1 and stage T 2, T 3, T 4 ( χ2=4.866, P=0.027; χ2=11.965, P=0.001; χ2=4.351, P=0.037). The OS curves of stage T 2 and T 4 could not be separated. Moreover, the OS curves of stage T 3 and T 4 were distributed in reverse order. There was a statistically significant difference in OS among patients with stage T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 according to the 8th edition staging system ( χ2=8.663, P=0.034). There were statistically significant differences in OS between stage T 1 and stage T 3, T 4( χ2=8.746, P=0.003; χ2=7.580, P=0.006). The OS curves of stage T 1 to T 4 were distributed in order, but the curves of stage T 3 and T 4 could not be separated. There was a statistically significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with stage T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 according to the 7th edition UICC staging system ( χ2=11.289, P=0.010). There were statistically significant differences in PFS between stage T 1 and stage T 2, T 3, T 4 ( χ2=8.209, P=0.004; χ2=13.302, P<0.001; χ2=6.550, P=0.010). The PFS curves of stage T 2 and T 4 could not be separated. Moreover, the PFS curves of stage T 3 and T 4 were distributed in reverse order. There was a statistically significant difference in PFS among patients with stage T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 according to the 8th edition staging system ( χ2=12.074, P=0.007). There were statistically significant differences in PFS between stage T 1 and stage T 2, T 3, T 4( χ2=5.182, P=0.023; χ2=11.217, P=0.001; χ2=10.174, P=0.001). The PFS curves of stage T 1 to T 4 were distributed in order, but the curves of stage T 3 and T 4 could not be separated. The results of Cox multivariate analysis showed that T staging of both staging systems were the independent prognostic factors of the OS ( P=0.013; P=0.026) and PFS ( P=0.031; P=0.012). However, T staging of the two editions were not the independent prognostic factors of the local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) ( P=0.351; P=0.167) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) ( P=0.059; P=0.052). The age was the independent prognostic factor of the OS ( HR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.53-4.76, P=0.001; HR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.55-4.84, P=0.001), PFS ( HR=2.72, 95% CI: 1.46-5.08, P=0.002; HR=2.94, 95% CI: 1.57-5.52, P=0.001), LRFS ( HR=5.87, 95% CI: 1.62-21.27, P=0.007; HR=6.02, 95% CI: 1.61-22.49, P=0.008) and DMFS ( HR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.22-4.72, P=0.011; HR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.34-5.18, P=0.005). N staging was the independent prognostic factor of the OS ( P=0.031; P=0.028). Conclusion:The T staging population distribution of the 7th and 8th edition UICC staging system had moderate consistency, and the T staging of the 8th edition is more advantageous in predicting the prognosis of OS and PFS. In both editions, T staging is an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS.
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Objective:To compare CT with MRI on the accuracy in TNM staging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) based on the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer System and Pathological Staging.Methods:From October 2013 to October 2019, 105 patients who had pathologically confirmed PDAC treated at the Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively studied. Of 52 patients who met the inclusion criteria, there were 32 males and 20 females, with age ranging from 45 to 84 years (mean 66.1 years). Based on the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer System and Pathological Staging, CT was compared with MRI in their accuracies in categorizing TNM and staging of PDAC.Results:Forty-three of 52 patients who underwent curative resection had a mean tumor size of (3.4±1.2) cm, compared with tumor sizes of (3.3±1.2) cm and (3.3±1.4) cm on CT and MRI, respectively. No significant differences were observed between gross pathological examination and CT ( P>0.05) or MRI ( P>0.05). The accuracy of T, N, and M categories on CT versus (vs) MRI was 97.7% (42/43) vs 97.7% (42/43), 79.1% (34/43) vs 76.7% (33/43), and 100% (9/9) vs 88.9% (8/9), respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two modalities ( P>0.05). The overall accuracy of PDAC staging on CT vs MRI was 82.7% (43/52) vs 76.9% (40/52), respectively. There was also no significant difference between the two modalities ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both CT and MRI had similar accuracies in categorizing TNM and staging of PDAC. However, the accuracies of T and M stages were higher than that of the N stage for these two imaging modalities.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical application value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination in preoperative evaluation of adjacent organ invasion for periampullary carcinomas (PACs).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 81 patients with PACs who were admitted to the Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from September 2013 to June 2019 were collected. There were 52 males and 29 females, aged from 41 to 80 years, with an average age of 62 years. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and pathological outcomes; (2) evaluation of adjacent organ invasion on CT and MRI examination for PACs; (3) comparison of diagnostic accuracy between CT and MRI examination in assessing adjacent organ invasion for PACs; (4) auxiliary and feature images of adjacent organ invasion for PACs; (5) comparison between CT and MRI examination in assessing adjacent organ invasion for PACs. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range), and count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages. Comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under curve were used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy between CT and MRI examination in assessing adjacent organ invasion for PACs. Consistency was compared using the κ test. Results:(1) Surgical and pathological outcomes: of the 81 patients, 76 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, 5 underwent palliative gastrojejunostomy or biliary drainage combined with biopsy, including the pancreas, duodenum, or lymph nodes. Of the 81 patients, 35 had pancreatic head carcinoma including 26 with duodenal invasion and 9 without duodenal invasion; 23 had ampullary carcinoma including 17 with duodenal invasion, 4 with both duodenal invasion and pancreatic invasion, and 2 without duodenal invasion or pancreatic invasion; 17 had distal bile duct carcinoma (including papillary type in 4 patients and periductal infiltrative type in 13 patients), of which 8 had duodenal invasion, 1 had duodenal invasion and pancreatic invasion (pathological classification of the 9 patients was periductal infiltrative type), 8 had neither duodenal invasion nor pancreatic invasion; 6 had duodenal carcinoma including 4 with pancreatic invasion and 2 without pancreatic invasion. (2) Evaluation of adjacent organ invasion on CT and MRI examination for PACs: of the 35 patients with pancreatic head carcinoma, duodenal invasion was identified in 25 patients and no duodenal invasion in 10 patients on both CT and MRI examination. Of the 23 patients with ampullary carcinoma, duodenal invasion, pancreatic invasion, both duodenal invasion and pancreatic invasion, and neither duodenal invasion nor pancreatic invasion were identified in 17, 1, 4, and 1 patients on CT examination, respectively; the above indicators were identified in 15, 2, 4, and 2 patients on MRI examination. Of the 17 patients with distal bile duct carcinoma, pancreatic invasion, both duodenal invasion and pancreatic invasion, and neither duodenal invasion nor pancreatic invasion were identified in 8, 1, and 8 patients on CT examination, respectively; the above indicators were identified in 9, 1, and 7 patients on MRI examination. Of the 6 patients with duodenal carcinoma, pancreatic invasion and no pancreatic invasion were identified in 3 and 3 patients on both CT and MRI examination.(3) Comparison of diagnostic accuracy between CT and MRI examination in assessing adjacent organ invasion for PACs: two reviewers had good agreement in assessing adjacent organ invasion on CT examination for pancreatic head carcinoma, ampullary carcinoma, and distal bile duct carcinoma ( κ=0.868, 0.701, 0.881, P<0.05), but they had poor agreement for duodenal carcinoma ( κ=0.333, P>0.05). Meanwhile, two reviewers had good agreement in assessing adjacent organ invasion on MRI examination for pancreatic head carcinoma and ampullary carcinoma( κ=0.860, 0.747, P<0.05), and moderate agreement for distal bile duct carcinoma ( κ=0.643, P<0.05), but they had poor agreement for duodenal carcinoma ( κ=0.333, P>0.05). (4) Auxiliary and feature images of adjacent organ invasion for PACs: for the 25 patients who had pancreatic head carcinoma with duodenal invasion on CT and MRI examination, based on well filling in duodenum, 12 patients showed locally morphological change of lumen and flattened or disappeared duodenal mucosal folds on negative contrast CT cholangiopancreatography; 14 patients showed similar signs on T2 weighted imaging or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. The 17 patients who had distal bile duct carcinoma with pancreatic invasion on CT and MRI examination were periductal infiltrative type. Pancreatic invasion manifested as local thickenness of ductal wall with marked enhancement and narrowed ductal lumen, which was indistinguishable from the pancreas, and the pancreatic parenchyma showed hyperdense or hyperintense signs similar with the lesion, like a "transmural" sign. One patient with both duodenal invasion and pancreatic invasion showed locally thickened and enhanced duodenal wall on both CT and MRI examination. Four patients, who had papillary type distal bile duct carcinoma with neither duodenal invasion nor pancreatic invasion, showed intraductal growing mass which had a discernible boundary to the pancreas and slighter enhancement than infiltrative type on both CT and MRI examination. (5) Comparison between CT and MRI examination in assessing adjacent organ invasion for PACs: CT examination evaluating adjacent organ invasion for pancreatic head carcinoma, ampullary carcinoma, distal bile duct carcinoma, and duodenal carcinoma had a sensibility of 92.3%, 90.5%, 88.9%, 75.0%, a specificity of 88.9%, 50.0%, 87.5%, 100.0%, an accuracy of 0.906, 0.702, 0.882, 0.875, respectively. MRI examination evaluating adjacent organ invasion for pancreatic head carcinoma, ampullary carcinoma, distal bile duct carcinoma, and duodenal carcinoma had a sensibility of 88.5%, 85.7%, 88.9%, 75.0%, a specificity of 77.8%, 50.0%, 75.0%, 100.0%, an accuracy of 0.831, 0.679, 0.819, 0.875. There was no significant difference in sensibility for pancreatic head carcinoma, distal bile duct carcinoma, or duodenal carcinoma between CT and MRI examination( χ2=3.140, 0.141, 0.444, P>0.05), while there was a significant difference in sensibility for ampullary carcinoma ( χ2=13.263, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in specificity for pancreatic head carcinoma, ampullary carcinoma, or distal bile duct carcinoma between CT and MRI examination( χ2=0.321, 2.000, 3.429, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in accuracy for pancreatic head carcinoma, ampullary carcinoma, distal bile duct carcinoma, or duodenal carcinoma between CT and MRI examination( Z=0.967, 0.273, 0.559, 0.000, P>0.05). Conclusion:CT and MRI examination can be used for preoperative evaluation of adjacent organ invasion for periampullary carcinoma, with similar performance in specificity and accuracy, however, CT examination has a higher sensibility for ampullary carcinoma.
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Objective To study the role of MDCT with 3D fusion images in the preoperative evaluation of pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods 37 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy from March 2016 to May 2018 in the Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included in this retrospective study.All patients underwent a dual-phase enhanced MDCT before operation.The volume data of enhanced MDCT were transmitted to a dedicated CT post-processing workstation.The 3D images,including the tumor,pancreas,portal vein system,arterial system,pancreatic and biliary tract,were reformatted respectively before the fusion imaging.Two reviewers analyzed the tumor location and its spatial relations with the pancreaticobiliary system,peripancreatic vessels and vascular variations by means of zooming,rotating,splitting and transparent displaying on fusion images.Then,the assessed items were compared to the surgical and pathological findings.Results The 3D fusion images of 37 patients in this study depicted the tumor,pancreas,peripancreatic vessels and pancreatic and biliary tract clearly.Compared with the intraoperative and pathological findings,the accuracy of both tumor detection and localization with the 3D fusion images was 100％.To compare the intraoperative findings,visualization and variation detection of the celiac,splenic,common hepatic,gastroduodenal,hepatic,and superior mesenteric arteries,and the superior mesenteric and portal veins were all 100％.Visualizations of the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (ASPDA),posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (PSPDA),inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPA) and dorsal pancreatic artery (DPA) were 85.7％,82.8％,72.2％ and 75.8％,respectively.Conclusion The MDCT 3D fusion imaging technology allowed one stop preoperative assessment of pancreaticoduodenectomy,especially in clearly outlining the tumor location and its spatial relations with the surrounding surgical anatomies before surgery.
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Objective To study the differences of symptoms and pathological features of Wistar and Lewis rat models of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Wistar and Lewis rats were injected with intermixture of bovine TypeⅡ collage and complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)for first immunization, then strengthen it after 14 days and observed the incidence of Wistar-RA group and Lewis-RA group. The degree of paws swelling and the titer of serum anti CII antibody were determined. The pathological changes in toe and joint tissues were examined at 12 weeks, and the expressions of VEGF, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A in the synovial membrane of ankle joint were detected. Results After collagen induction,the Wistar and Lewis rats showed paw swelling after 10 d and 14 d,and peaked at 21 d and 24 d,the titer of serum anti CII antibody was significantly increased at third week(P< 0.01), and arthritis index(AI)was also significantly increased(P< 0.01). In the Wistar-RA rat group, the rate of molding was 80%, and at fifth weeks, the swelling of the paws subsided and went into a flat level. The molding rate of the Lewis-RA group was 100%,at the seventh week,the swelling of paws subsided and went into a flat level. At 12 weeks,the two model groups showed severe articular cartilage erosion, synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, neovascularization and pannus formation in the joint synovium,and the bone mineral density of the femur and tibia of the hind limbs was significantly decreased(P<0.01). The expression of VEGF,IL-6 and IL-17A in synovium was significantly increased(P< 0.05,P< 0.01). The expression of IL-10 was obviously decreased(P< 0.01). Compared with the Wistar-RA group,the paw volume and paw thickness were increased for a longer time in the Lewis-RA group,AI was higher than that of the Wistar-RA group,synovial angiogenesis and pannus formation were more distinct, the expression of VEGF in synovium was significantly higher than that of Wistar-RA group(P< 0.05), while the expression of IL-17A was significantly lower than that in the Wistar-RA group(P< 0.05). Conclusions Both the Wistar-RA rat model and Lewis-RA rat model show joint swelling,deformation and decreased activity. AI is increased,the expression of VEGF,IL-6 and IL-17A increased,and the expression of IL-10 decreased,which are consistent with the clinical manifestation. The Wistar-RA rat model has a short duration of swelling, while the Lewis-RA rat model has a longer swelling duration and more severe joint damages. The neovascularization and pannus formation are more obvious. The expression of IL-17A in the Wistar-RA rat model is higher, while the Lewis-RA model has a highly expressed VEGF,which may be related to its pathological characteristics.
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Objective To compare the differences in the intestinal microflora of WHBE rabbit and JW rabbit models of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). Methods 16 WHBE rabbits and 16 JW rabbits were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group and IBS model group, respectively(n=8). The diarrhea-predominant IBS model was established by wet-heat stress combined with intragastric gavage of senna decoction. The abdominal circumference index,water content of feces and colonic transit function were observed. After sacrifice,colon tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination and colon contents for intestinal flora diversity analysis. Results Compared with the NC group,the IBS model rabbits showed an increased abdominal circumference index and fecal water content,and a shortened colon transit time, but no obvious pathological changes were observed in the colon tissues. Meanwhile, the Shannon index and Chao1 index of IBS model rabbits were significantly decreased(P<0.05). According to the result of OTU classification analysis,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant bacteria in the intestinal microflora of rabbits. Compared with the NC group, the Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Akkermansia, and Streptococcus in the WHBE rabbit IBS model group were significantly reduced(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while Bacteroidetes and rc4-4 significantly increased(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). However, in the JW rabbit IBS model group, Eubacterium and Subdoligranulum were significantly increased(P< 0.05),while Lactobacillus,Coprobacter,Veillonella and Streptococcus were markedly decreased(P<0.05). Compared with the JW rabbit NC group,the abundance of Firmicutes,Odoribacter, Veillonella,Streptococcus,Oscillospira and Pseudoflavonifractor were significantly decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01), but Bacteroidetes,Verrucomicrobia,Eubacterium,Akkermansia and Coprobacter were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01)in the WHBE rabbit NC group. Compared with the JW rabbit IBS model group, the abundance of rc4-4, Bacteroidetes,Coprobacter and Clostridium were significantly higher(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the Firmicutes, Dorea, Coprococcus and Subdoligranulum were significantly lower(P <0.05)in the WHBE rabbit IBS model group. Conclusions There is an intestinal microflora imbalance in rabbits with IBS, resulting in a decrease of microflora diversity. The changes of intestinal microflora in the WHBE rabbits and JW rabbits with IBS have their own characteristics, and have apparent differences.
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Objective To investigate the application value of multiple imaging techniques in the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) combined with assessment of vascular invasion using a tumor-to-vessel contact (TVC) computed tomography grading system in preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 66 patients with pancreatic cancer who were admitted to the Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between February 2012 and July 2017 were collected.Surgical results of 66 patients showed that tumors of 48 and 18 patients were respectively located in head or uncinate process of the pancreas and body and tail of pancreas.The 317 vessels of 66 patients were detected.Fifty patients underwent radical resection and 250 vessels were detected,resected tumor diameter was (2.7± 1.4) cm (range,1.3-7.7 cm);16 underwent palliative operation and 67 vessels were detected.Patients received enhanced scans of MDCT,and multiplanar reformatted (MPR),curved planar reconstructions (CPR),CT angiography (CTA),arterial and venous images of three-dimensional (3D) CT and negative-contrast CT cholangiopancreatography (nCTCP) were build.The morphology evaluation of pancreatic tumor was done by a senior radiology physician.The peripancreatic vascular invasion was evaluated using a TVC computed tomography grading system by two senior radiology physicians.Two physicians read collectively films and then achieved consistent results if there was a disputed result.Observation indicators:(1) tumor detection and morphology evaluation by MDCT;(2) detection of processing images on vascular invasion signs and vascular anatomical variations after MDCT;(3) TVC grading results of peripancreatic vascular invasion by MDCT;(4) correlation between TVC grading results of peripancreatic vascular invasion by MDCT and surgical grading results;(5) follow-up and survival situations.The follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was per-formed to detect postoperative survival up February 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x±s.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).The measured values of tumor diameter by MDCT and surgical resection were done by Pearson correlation analysis.The Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation in the consistency of the vascular invasion results evaluated by two viewers and between TVC grading evaluation results and surgical grading results.Results (1) Tumor detection and morphology evaluation by MDCT:66 patients underwent MDCT,nCTCP combined with MPR images showed that there were 63 low-density tumors and 3 isopycnic tumors.The nCTCP images of 66 patients showed that 42 had biliary system dilatation and pancreatic duct dilatation,11 had pancreatic duct dilatation,5 had pancreatic duct break and 8 didn't have obvious signs of biliary and pancreatic duct dilatation and break.Results of MDCT of 66 patients showed that 48 tumors were located in head or uncinate process of pancreas,18 in the body and tail of pancreas,showing a consistency with surgical results.Pearson correlation analysis showed that measured values of tumor diameter was (2.7± 1.4) cm (range,1.3-7.2 cm) in 50 patients with radical resection,with a correlation with measured values of tumor diameter of surgical resection (r =0.904,P＜0.05).(2) Detection of processing images on vascular invasion signs and vascular anatomical variations after MDCT:results of MDCT in 2 patients with radical resection showed that vascular variations were confirmed intraoperatively;left gastric artery directly started with celiac axis in 1 patient,common hepatic artery started with superior mesenteric artery,and celiac axis was invaded by tumor tissues,with grading 2 of TVC grading evaluation;accessory left hepatic artery in 1 patient started with gastroduodenal artery and was invaded by tumor tissues,with grading 2 of TVC grading evaluation.Results of MDCT in 2 patients with palliative operation showed peripancreatic vascular invasion,tumor of 1 patient invaded inferior vena cava,and tumor of other patient invaded superior mesenteric artery and involved the first branch of superior mesenteric artery.(3) TVC grading results of peripancreatic vascular invasion by MDCT:there was an overall positive correlation of TVC grading evaluation results in 317 peripancreatic vessels invasion of 66 patients between two physicians (r =0.827,P＜0.05).There was a positive correlation of TVC grading evaluation results in celiac axis,common hepatic artery,superior mesenteric artery,superior mesenteric vein and portal vein between two physicians (r=0.661,0.911,0.809,0.911,0.614,P＜0.05).(4) Correlation between TVC grading results of peripancreatic vascular invasion by MDCT and surgical grading results:there was an overall positive correlation in 317 peripancreatic vessels invasion of 66 patients between TVC grading evaluation results and surgical grading results (r=0.806,P＜0.05).There were positive correlations between TVC grading evaluation results and surgical grading results in the artery group (celiac axis,common hepatic artery and superior mesenteric artery) and vein group (superior mesenteric vein and portal vein) (r=0.703,0.823,P＜ 0.05).There were positive correlations between TVC grading evaluation results and surgical grading results in the celiac axis,common hepatic artery,superior mesenteric artery,superior mesenteric vein and portal vein (r =0.792,0.464,0.823,0.809,0.812,P＜0.05).(5) Follow-up and survival situations:56 of 66 patients were followed up for 3-18 months,with a median time of 7 months.During the follow-up,53 patients had tumor metastases,including 50 deaths and 3 survivors with tumor;3 patients had tumor-free survival.Conclusion Multiple imaging techniques in the MDCT combined with assessment of vascular invasion using a TVC computed tomography grading system can accurately evaluate morphology of pancreatic tumor and peripancreatic vascular invasion,and increase accuracy of preoperative assessment of pancreatic cancer.
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Objective To summarize the CT characteristics of tumor deposition adjacent to colorectal cancer (CRC),and provide the evidences for differential diagnosis.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 26 CRC patients who were admitted to the Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from May 2015 to April 2017 were collected.Patients underwent preoperative multi-slice spiral CT scan and double-phase enhanced scan,and then received open surgery.Observation indicators:(1) characteristics of multi-slice spiral CT scan;(2) differential comparisons;(3) follow-up.Follow-up using telephone interview was performed to detect patients' prognosis once every 3 months up to May 2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s.Comparisons between groups and among groups were respectively analyzed using the t test and the one-way ANOVA.Pairwise comparison was done using the SNK method.Results (1) Characteristics of multi-slice spiral CT scan:of 26 patients,17 underwent double contrast enhanced scans of chest,abdomen and pelvic and 9 underwent double contrast scans of abdomen and pelvic.Primary tumors of 18 and 8 patients respectively located in the colon and rectum.Forty-one tumor deposits of 26 patients were collected,with number of tumor deposits of 1.6±0.9 per case,and number of tumor deposits ＜ 3 and ≥3 respectively were found in 20 and 6 patients.Tumor deposits were often isolated in the fat spaces around the rectum or colon and unconnected with the surrounding primary tumor or lymph node.Distance to the center of primary tumor was (2.6±l.0)cm (range,0.2-5.0 cm),the distance ＜2.6 cm and ≥2.6 cm were respectively detected in 22 and 19 patients.Thirty-three tumors showed signs of lobulation,22 showed signs of burr and 7 showed liquefaction necrosis,and there was a combination of multiple imaging characteristics in the same tumor deposit.The maximum width,minimum width,maximum diameter,plain scan value of CT,CT enhancement values in the arterial phase and venous phase in 41 tumor deposits were respectively (1.15 ± 0.60)cm,(1.11±0.44)cm,(1.13±0.49)cm,(27±13)HU,(28±14)HU and (49±19)HU.Of 41 tumor deposits,34 demonstrated homogeneous density in the plain scan,and obviously enhancement in early enhanced scan,with homogeneous enhancement;7 demonstrated heterogeneous density in the plain scan,with internal liquefaction necrosis,and enhanced scans showed no enhancement in the areas of necrosis and obviously early enhancement in the areas of non-necrosis.(2) Differential comparisons:26 patients underwent open surgery,including 8 with right hemectomy,2 with transverse colon resection,4 with left semicolon resection,2 with simple sigmoid resection,2 with abdominoperineal resection of rectal cancer and 8 with low anterior rectal resection,and all patients received postoperatively individualized treatment.Fifty-two lymph nodes with distance to center of primary tumor ＜ 5.0 cm that were confirmed by pathological examination were collected,including 19 metastatic lymph nodes.Of 41 tumor deposits,33 were irregular,and 8 were regular and round-like or oval-like shape.Of 19 metastatic lymph nodes,16 were regularly round-like shape,1 showed irregular shape and edge blur,and 2 were irregular with a mutual integration.The maximum width,minimum width and maximum diameter of 19 metastatic lymph nodes were respectively (1.09± 0.33) cm,(1.01 ± 0.23) cm and (1.05 ± 0.20) cm,with statistically significant differences in the above indicators between metastatic lymph nodes and tumor deposits (t =5.48,4.80,7.75,P＜0.05).The plain scan value of CT,CT enhancement values in the arterial phase and venous phase were respectively (12±7) HU,(18± 12) HU,(42± 15) HU in 19 metastatic lymph nodes and (33±6) HU,(31 ±15) HU,(53± 14)HU in 26 primary tumors,showing statistically significant differences in the plain scan value of CT and CT enhancement values in the arterial phase among tumor deposits,metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumors (F=24.43,4.46,P＜0.05),and no statistically significant difference in CT enhancement value in the venous phase (F=2.41,P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the plain scan value of CT and CT enhancement values in the arterial phase between tumor deposits and metastatic lymph nodes (q =5.48,2.50,P＜0.05) and between metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumors (q =6.82,2.84,P＜0.05),and no statistically significant difference between tumor deposits and primary tumors (q =2.15,0.65,P＞0.05).Of 19 metastatic lymph nodes,11 demonstrated homogeneous density in plain scan,with a lower density compared with tumor deposits and primary tumors,and relatively homogeneous enhancement in the arterial phase of enhanced scan;8 demonstrated heterogeneous density with internal liquefaction necrosis,and ring-shaped enhancement in enhanced scan with no enhancement in the areas of necrosis.The density and enhancement range in the arterial phase and venous phase of tumor deposits were similar to primary tumors.(3) Follow-up:24 patients were followed up for 1-25 months,with a follow-up rate of 92.3％(24/26) and a median time of 17 months.Of 24 patients,2 were dead,and survival time were respectively 9 months and 21 months;22 had good survival.Conclusions Multislice spiral CT examination of tumor deposits demonstrates larger and irregular shape,with the signs of lobulation and burr,and the density in plain scan is similar to the primary tumor,with obviously enhancement in early enhanced scan.The metastatic lymph nodes are mostly round-like shape,diameter is smaller than that of tumor deposits,density in the plain scan and CT enhancement values in the arterial phase are lower than that of tumor deposits.
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Objective To observe and compare the function of peripheral blood derived dendritic cells (DC) in white hair black eyes (WHBE) rabbits and Japanese white (JW) rabbits with allergic rhinitis (AR) induced by ovalbumin (OVA),and to explore the mechanism of sensitivity to allergen in WHBE rabbits.Methods For the AR induction,rabbits were sensitized intraperitoneally everyday with OVA emulsified in Al(OH)3 followed from day 17 onward by 5 times nasal challenges with OVA in each nostril.General symptoms and histopathological changes of the nasal mucosa were observed.Expressions of CD86 on cell surface and antigen uptake of peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells were detected by flow cytometry at 6 days of culture.The mannose receptor (MR) mRNA expression was tested by real-time PCR.Proliferation of CFSE [5-(and 6-)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester]-labelled T cells stimulated by DC were observed by flow cytometry.Results The rabbits sensitized by OVA showed typical AR symptoms and pathological changes.Expressions of CD86 on the cell surface of dendritic cells in WHBE rabbits with AR were significantly upregulated not only compared with the normal control (NC) rabbits,but also with the JW rabbits with AR (P<0.01).The result of real-time PCR assay showed that MR mRNA expression of DC in the NC group of WHBE rabbits were significantly higher than that of the JWrabbits(P<0.01).Moreover,MR mRNA expression of DCs in the WHBE rabbits with AR were not only significantly higher than that in the NC rabbits (P<0.05),but also higher than that in the JW rabbits with AR (P<0.05).Meanwhile,OVA647 internalization percentages of DCs in the WHBE rabbits with AR were not only significantly higher than that in the NC rabbits,but also obviously higher than that in the JW rabbits with AR (P<0.01).Conclusions The sensitivity of WHBE rabbits to allergen may largely depend on the function of dendritic cells with high expression of mannose receptor and their strong ability of maturation and antigen uptake.
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Objective To establish a Wuzhishan minipig model of atherosclerosis(AS) induced by high fat/cholesterol diet,and observe the changes of expression of lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) in plasma and plaques.Methods 10 Wuzhishan minipigs were randomly divided into 2 groups:The normal control(Ctr,n=4) group was fed with normal diet,and AS model(n=6) group fed with high fat/cholesterol diet for 24 weeks.After the modeling for 24 weeks,the changes of total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein(HDL-C),triglyceride(TG),C-reactive protein(CRP),Lp-PLA2 activity and composition were detected.The changes of vascular lipid deposition and plaques were assessed by pathology using oil red O staining and HE staining,respectively,and immunohistochemical staining for IL-6 protein expression.Moreover,the expression of Lp-PLA2 mRNA determined by RT-PCR and protein by Western blot were observed in the abdominal aortic tissues.Results Compared with the control group,the body weight,body mass index(BMI),TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,CRP,Lp-PLA2 activity and composition and aortic lipid deposition were significantly increased,and AS plaque formation was observed in the AS model group(P<0.05,P<0.01).The expression of Lp-PLA2mRNA and protein and IL-6 protein in abdominal aortic tissues were also significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusions Long-term high fat/cholesterol diet feeding for 24 weeks can induce atherosclerosis in Wuzhishan minipigs,and Lp-PLA2 plays a key role in the vascular inflammation and plaque formation.
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In order to establish the minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia and apply non-invasive telemetry technique, the minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia was made induced by Vitamin D3, isoproterenol and combined with high fat diet, and the non-invasive telemetry technique was used to detect and evaluate the symptoms of minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia.Moreover, the effects of transport stress and the risk factors of atherosclerosis (AS) induced by high fat diet among Wuzhishan minipigs, Bama minipigs and Tibetan minipigs were also evaluated.Our study has successful established the Bama minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia and the technical specification for evaluation,.The non-invasive telemetry technique can be used to detect and evaluate the symptoms of chronic myocardial ischemia model, and defines minipigs at least need to keep for more than 4 weeks after transport stress to adaptive recovery period.In addition, the different characteristics of AS risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperinsulinemia were observed in Wuzhishan minipigs, Bama minipigs and Tibetan minipigs in high fat environment, and this provides a reference for the selection and application of minipigs in the research of cardiovascular diseases.
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Objective To compare the effects of forming atherosclerosis by conducting ballon injury operation after 1th, 2th and 3th week of Vitamin D3(VD3) i.p., exploring the best method for atherosclerosis modeling .Methods 36 male rats were selected for balloon-injured carotid artery .SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly:control group ( n=6), Model group1 (n=10), Model group2(n=10), Model group3 (n=10).Control group were fed up with common diet.Model groups were fed up with high-fat diet and injected 4.0 ×105 IU/kg VD3 through enterocoelia in the beginning , followed by the balloon-injured left carotid artery operation after 1th, 2th and 3th week respectively and 1.0 ×105 IU/kg VD3injection at 0th, 2th week after operation.The rats were killed at 4th week after operation.The serum levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were checked .ELISA was used to detect the content of hsCRP , IL-6 and TNFα.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the thoracic aorta , and the thoracic aorta thickness , plaque area ( PA) , cross-sectional area of vessel ( CVA) and the ratio of PA to CVA ( PA/CVA) were analyzed .Results After 4 weeks of operation , levels of TC and LDL-C were significantly increased in Model group 2 and 3 compared with that of the control group ( P<0.05).Furthermore, contents of hsCRP, IL-6 and TNFαof model groups were also seriously higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and that of Model group 3 were the highest.Typical AS plagues were observed in different degrees in model groups, and thoracic aorta thickness and PA/CVA were obviously increased than that of control group (P<0.05). Model group 3 turned out masses of lipid foam cells accumulated , and PA, CVA and PA/CVA were significantly increased than that of Model group2 or 3.Conclusion The AS model can be established successfully in rats with ballon injury after 3 weeks of high-fat diet plus VD3 i.p., which is the ideal method to induced atherosclerosis model .
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Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect of testosterone deficiency on serum lipid levels and hepatic lipid accumulation in miniature pigs fed a high-fat diet (HFD).Methods Eighteen sexually mature male Chinese Wuzhishan miniature pigs (6~7 months old) were used in this study.The pigs were divided in three groups ( n =6 animals/group ) as follows: intact male pigs , castrated male pigs and castrated male pigs with testosterone replacement .They were fed a HFD diet for 12 weeks and body weights were recorded weekly .Serum levels of testosterone , total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were measured.Hepatic TG and TC levels were also determined , and liver tissues were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).Results (1) The body weights of pigs in each group were found to be linearly elevated over time .Though castrated pigs gained less weight than did pigs in the other groups , no significant differences were found between them .( 2 ) Castration caused a significant decrease in serum testosterone levels in pigs . This effect was recovered by testosterone treatment .(3) Serum levels of TC, LDL-C and TG were significantly increased in castrated pigs.However, castration had no significant effect on serum HDL-C levels.Testosterone treatment reduced the increased serum lipids in castrated pigs .(4) Hepatic TG and TC contents in castrated pigs were also significantly higher than those in other groups of pigs .Testosterone treatment reduced the increased hepatic lipids in castrated pigs .( 5 ) Compared with other groups of pigs , castrated pigs showed increased steatosis .However , testosterone treatment attenuated hepatic steatosis in castrated pigs .Conclusion Testosterone deficiency caused severe dyslipidemia , and increased hepatic lipid accumulation in miniature pigs fed a high-fat diet.
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The aim of this paper is to explore the prevention of rabbit postoperative abdominal cavity adhesion with poly (lactic-co-glycotic acid) (PLGA) membrane and the mechanism of this prevention function. Sixty-six Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group and PLGA membrane group. The rabbits were treated with multifactor methods to establish the postoperative abdominal cavity adhesion models except for those in the normal control group. PLGA membrane was used to cover the wounds of rabbits in the PLGA membrane group and nothing covered the wounds of rabbits in the model control group. The hematologic parameters, liver and kidney functions and fibrinogen contents were detected at different time. The rabbit were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 weeks after the operations, respectively. The adhesions were graded blindly, and Masson staining and immunohistochemistry methods were used to observe the proliferation of collagen fiber and the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on the cecal tissues, respectively. The grade of abdominal cavity adhesion showed that the PLGA membrane-treated group was significant lower than that in the model control group, and it has no influence on liver and kidney function and hematologic parameters. But the fibrinogen content and the number of white blood cell in the PLGA membrane group were significant lower than those of model control group 1 week and 2 weeks after operation, respectively. The density of collagen fiber and optical density of TGF-β1 in the PLGA membrane group were significant lower than those of model control group. The results demonstrated that PLGA membrane could be effective in preventing the abdominal adhesions in rabbits, and it was mostly involved in the reducing of fibrinogen exudation, and inhibited the proliferation of collagen fiber and over-expression of TGF-β1.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Abdominal Cavity , General Surgery , Collagen , Metabolism , Lactic Acid , Polyglycolic Acid , Tissue Adhesions , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To measure the circadian rhythm of consecutive monitoring electrocardiogram ( ECG ) , blood pressure, respiration, activities in Bama minipigs by telemetry technology .Methods Six 6-month-old Bama minipigs were implanted with VAP port in Superficial femoral artery , after recovery 7 days , 24 hours ECG , blood pressure, activity and respiratory parameters were recorded and analyzed in the EMAK noninvasive telemetry system . Results The ECG, blood pressure, respiration and activities in Bama minipigs showed circadian rhythm changes , Bama minipigs daytime heart rate was significantly higher than the nighttime heart rate (P <0.01), and daytime PR interval , QRS interval and QT interval was significantly lower than the nighttime (P <0.05, P <0.01), daytime mean heart rate was 76.22 beats/min, nighttime mean heart rate was 67.03 night beats/min;daytime mean PR interval , QRS interval andQT interval were 109.97 ms, 42.72 ms and 380.37 ms, nighttime mean PR interval , QRS interval and QT interval were 112.32ms, 44.01ms and 389.24ms.Bama minipigs daytime systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure were significantly higher than the nighttime ( P <0.01 ) , daytime mean systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure were 129.57 mmHg, 96.75 mmHg and 111.73 mmHg, nighttime mean systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure , mean blood pressure were 122.81 mmHg, 92.65 mmHg and 106.19 mmHg, and the nighttime reduction rate of systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure were 19.89%, 19.05%and 19.35%.In addition , Bama minipigs daytime activity and respiratory rate were significantly higher than the nighttime (P <0.01).Conclusion It’s Feasible to measure the circadian rhythm of electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, activity and respiratory parameters in Bama minipigs by telemetry technology , and can truly shows those physiological parameters of the Bama minipigs within 24h, to provide a reference for pharmacology and toxicology research by using Bama minipigs .
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Objective To study on the anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of salvianolic acid A injection (SAA), and further to provide the theoretical basis for the clinical application .Methods Using CCl4 induced hepatocyte injury in vitro, the hepatocyte viability , the levels of ALT , AST and LDH in cell culture supernatants and the levels of SOD and MDA in cell lysates were detected .In addition , the hepatic fibrosis rat model was made by subcutaneous injection of CCl 4 , the serum LN, HA, SOD and MDA levels were detected and the pathological changes in liver tissue were also observed . Results Compared with model group , the hepatocyte viability in SAA high or low dose group and Vit E group were significantly increased (P <0.01), and the activities of ALT, AST and LDH in SAA high dose group were significantly lowed ( P <0.01 ) .The activity of SOD in SAA high dose group and Vit E group was significantly increased ( P <0.05), while MDA content was decreased (P <0.05).Vivo test showed that the levels of serum LN and HA in SAAhigh dose group were significant lower than those of hepatic fibrosis rat model group (P <0.05).Moreover, the activity of SOD in SAA high or low dose group was significantly increased (P <0.05, P <0.01), while MDA content was lowed (P <0.05, P <0.01), and can improve the pathological of liver tissues .Conclusions SAA injection can anti-lipid peroxidation and thereby protect hepatocyte and reduce hepatic fibrosis .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of PLGA absorbable membrane in prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesion in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>66 Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: the normal control group n = 6, model control group n = 30 and PLGA group n = 30. Rabbits were received multifactor methods to establish postoperative abdominal adhesion models except for normal control group. The cecum wound was covered PLGA membrane in the PLGA group. At postoperative 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks, the abdominal cavities were reopened and the adhesive severity was graded blindly, and the hydroxyproline level in cecum tissue was measured and the cecum histopathology was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) the degree of adhesion and hydroxyproline level in model control group were significantly higher than those of normal control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the degree of adhesion and hydroxyproline level in PLGA group were significantly lower than those of model control group (P < 0.05). (2) HE staining showed that cecum serosa had obviously inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation, while PLGA could inhibit fibroblast proliferation and reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PLGA absorbable membrane can inhibit fibroblast proliferation and collagen to prevent the experimental postoperative peritoneal adhesions.</p>